This picture is a literal, visual interpretation of several common Japanese idioms:
me no ue no kobu, "a lump above one's eye" (someone who gets on your nerves); me kara hi ga deru, "fire coming out of one's eye" (directly equivalent to "seeing stars" in English); mimi ni tako ga dekiru, "to get a callus in one's ear" (to get sick of hearing something repeated; note that the word for "callus" is pronounced the same as the word for "octopus" (tako), and intentionally confusing the two is a common pun on this idiom); atama ni hiyasu, "cool one's head" (identical to the English phrase); ryoutei ni hana, "flowers in both hands" (to be flanked by beautiful women; the picture mixes this one up a bit to fit it in); oomedama ni kuu, "to eat a giant eyeball" (to receive a harsh scolding); chi ga sawagu, "one's blood is making a fuss" (to be overly excited); ashi ga bou ni naru, "one's legs become sticks" (to walk or stand for so long that your legs... uh, feel like sticks. That's happened to you at least once, right?); ashimoto ni hi ga tsuku, "fire follows at one's feet" (said when one's person is in imminent danger); shinin ni kuchi nashi, "a corpse has no mouth" (functionally identical to "dead men tell no tales", but without the implicit threat attached to the English version; used a lot in detective shows, if that helps).
